計算機プログラムの構造と解釈[第2版]
(翔泳社)
ハロルド エイブルソン (著)ジュリー サスマン (著)
ジェラルド・ジェイ サスマン (著)
Harold Abelson (原著)Julie Sussman (原著)
Gerald Jay Sussman (原著)和田 英一 (翻訳)
開発環境
- OS X Yosemite - Apple (OS)
- Emacs (CUI)、BBEdit - Bare Bones Software, Inc. (GUI) (Text Editor)
- Scheme (プログラミング言語)
- Gauche (処理系)
計算機プログラムの構造と解釈[第2版](ハロルド エイブルソン (著)、ジュリー サスマン (著)、ジェラルド・ジェイ サスマン (著)、Harold Abelson (原著)、Julie Sussman (原著)、Gerald Jay Sussman (原著)、和田 英一 (翻訳)、翔泳社、原書: Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs (MIT Electrical Engineering and Computer Science)(SICP))の5(レジスタ計算機での計算)、5.5(翻訳系)、5.5.6(文面アドレス)、問題 5.42.を解いてみる。
その他参考書籍
- Instructor's Manual to Accompany Structure & Interpretation of Computer Programs
- プログラミングGauche (Kahuaプロジェクト (著), 川合 史朗 (監修), オライリージャパン)
- Scheme手習い
問題 5.42.
コード(BBEdit, Emacs)
compiler42.scm
;; -*- coding;: utf-8 -*-
(load "./operations.scm")
(define (compile exp target linkage compile-time-env)
(cond ((self-evaluating? exp)
(compile-self-evaluating exp target linkage))
((quoted? exp) (compile-quoted exp target linkage))
((variable? exp)
(compile-variable exp target linkage compile-time-env))
((assignment? exp)
(compile-assignment exp target linkage compile-time-env))
((definition? exp)
(compile-definition exp target linkage compile-time-env))
((if? exp) (compile-if exp target linkage compile-time-env))
((lambda? exp) (compile-lambda exp target linkage compile-time-env))
((begin? exp)
(compile-sequence (begin-actions exp)
target
linkage
compile-time-env))
((cond? exp) (compile (cond->if exp) target linkage compile-time-env))
((application? exp)
(compile-application exp target linkage compile-time-env))
(else
(error "Unknown expression type -- COMPILE" exp))))
(define (make-instruction-sequence needs modifies statements)
(list needs modifies statements))
(define (empty-instruction-sequence)
(make-instruction-sequence '() '() '()))
(define (compile-linkage linkage)
(cond ((eq? linkage 'return)
(make-instruction-sequence '(continue) '()
'((goto (reg continue)))))
((eq? linkage 'next)
(empty-instruction-sequence))
(else
(make-instruction-sequence '() '()
`((goto (label ,linkage)))))))
(define (end-with-linkage linkage instruction-sequence)
(preserving '(continue)
instruction-sequence
(compile-linkage linkage)))
(define (compile-self-evaluating exp target linkage)
(end-with-linkage linkage
(make-instruction-sequence
'()
(list target)
`((assign ,target (const ,exp))))))
(define (compile-quoted exp target linkage)
(end-with-linkage linkage
(make-instruction-sequence
'()
(list target)
`((assign ,target (const ,(text-of-quotation exp)))))))
(define (compile-variable exp target linkage compile-time-env)
(let ((lexical-address (find-variable exp compile-time-env)))
(end-with-linkage linkage
(make-instruction-sequence
'(env)
(list target)
(if (eq? lexical-address 'not-found)
`((assign ,target
(op lookup-variable-value)
(const ,exp)
(reg env)))
`((assign ,target
(op lexical-address-lookup)
(const ,lexical-address)
(reg env))))))))
(define (compile-assignment exp target linkage compile-time-env)
(let ((var (assignment-variable exp))
(get-value-code
(compile (assignment-value exp) 'val 'next compile-time-env)))
(let ((lexical-address (find-variable var compile-time-env)))
(end-with-linkage
linkage
(preserving '(env)
get-value-code
(make-instruction-sequence
'(env val)
(list target)
(if (eq? lexical-address 'not-found)
`((perform (op set-variable-value!)
(const ,var)
(reg val)
(reg env))
(assign ,target (const ok)))
`((perform (op lexical-address-set!)
(const ,lexical-address)
(reg val)
(reg env))
(assign ,target (const ok))))))))))
(define (compile-definition exp target linkage compile-time-env)
(let ((var (definition-variable exp))
(get-value-code
(compile (definition-value exp) 'val 'next compile-time-env)))
(end-with-linkage
linkage
(preserving '(env)
get-value-code
(make-instruction-sequence
'(env val)
(list target)
`((perform (op define-variable!)
(const ,var)
(reg val)
(reg env))
(assign ,target (const ok))))))))
(define (compile-if exp target linkage compile-time-env)
(let ((t-branch (make-label 'true-branch))
(f-branch (make-label 'false-branch))
(after-if (make-label 'after-if)))
(let ((consequent-linkage
(if (eq? linkage 'next) after-if linkage)))
(let ((p-code (compile (if-predicate exp) 'val 'next compile-time-env))
(c-code
(compile
(if-consequent exp) target consequent-linkage))
(a-code
(compile (if-alternative exp) target linkage compile-time-env)))
(preserving
'(env continue)
p-code
(append-instruction-sequences
(make-instruction-sequence
'(val)
'()
`((test (op false?) (reg val))
(branch (label ,f-branch))))
(parallel-instruction-sequences
(append-instruction-sequences t-branch c-code)
(append-instruction-sequences f-branch a-code))
after-if))))))
(define (compile-sequence seq target linkage compile-time-env)
(if (last-exp? seq)
(compile (first-exp seq) target linkage compile-time-env)
(preserving '(env continue)
(compile (first-exp seq) target 'next compile-time-env)
(compile-sequence (rest-exps seq)
target
linkage
compile-time-env))))
(define (compile-lambda exp target linkage compile-time-env)
(let ((proc-entry (make-label 'entry))
(after-lambda (make-label 'after-lambda)))
(let ((lambda-linkage
(if (eq? linkage 'next) after-lambda linkage)))
(append-instruction-sequences
(tack-on-instruction-sequence
(end-with-linkage
lambda-linkage
(make-instruction-sequence
'(env)
(list target)
`((assign ,target
(op make-compiled-procedure)
(label ,proc-entry)
(reg env)))))
(compile-lambda-body exp proc-entry compile-time-env))
after-lambda))))
(define (compile-lambda-body exp proc-entry compile-time-env)
(let ((formals (lambda-parameters exp)))
(append-instruction-sequences
(make-instruction-sequence
'(env proc argl)
'(env)
`(,proc-entry
(assign env (op compiled-procedure-env) (reg proc))
(assign env
(op extend-environment)
(const ,formals)
(reg argl)
(reg env))))
(compile-sequence (lambda-body exp)
'val
'return
(extend-compile-time-environment formals
compile-time-env)))))
(define (compile-application exp target linkage compile-time-env)
(let ((proc-code (compile (operator exp) 'proc 'next compile-time-env))
(operand-codes
(map (lambda (operand)
(compile operand 'val 'next compile-time-env))
(operands exp))))
(preserving '(env continue)
proc-code
(preserving '(proc continue)
(construct-arglist operand-codes)
(compile-procedure-call target
linkage
compile-time-env)))))
(define (construct-arglist operand-codes)
(let ((operand-codes (reverse operand-codes)))
(if (null? operand-codes)
(make-instruction-sequence
'()
'(argl)
'((assign argl (const ()))))
(let ((code-to-get-last-arg
(append-instruction-sequences
(car operand-codes)
(make-instruction-sequence
'(val)
'(argl)
'((assign argl (op list) (reg val)))))))
(if (null? (cdr operand-codes))
code-to-get-last-arg
(preserving '(env)
code-to-get-last-arg
(code-to-get-rest-args
(cdr operand-codes))))))))
(define (code-to-get-rest-args operand-codes)
(let ((code-for-next-arg
(preserving '(argl)
(car operand-codes)
(make-instruction-sequence
'(val argl)
'(argl)
'((assign argl (op cons) (reg val) (reg argl)))))))
(if (null? (cdr operand-codes))
code-for-next-arg
(preserving '(env)
code-for-next-arg
(code-to-get-rest-args (cdr operand-codes))))))
(define (compile-procedure-call target linkage compile-time-env)
(let ((primitive-branch (make-label 'primitive-branch))
(compiled-branch (make-label 'compiled-branch))
(after-call (make-label 'after-call)))
(let ((compiled-linkage
(if (eq? linkage 'next) after-call linkage)))
(append-instruction-sequences
(make-instruction-sequence
'(proc)
'()
`((test (op primitive-procedure?) (reg proc))
(branch (label ,primitive-branch))))
(parallel-instruction-sequences
(append-instruction-sequences
compiled-branch
(compile-proc-appl target compiled-linkage compile-time-env))
(append-instruction-sequences
primitive-branch
(end-with-linkage linkage
(make-instruction-sequence
'(proc argl)
(list target)
`((assign ,target
(op apply-primitive-procedure)
(reg proc)
(reg argl)))))))
after-call))))
(define (compile-proc-appl target linkage compile-time-env)
(cond ((and (eq? target 'val) (not (eq? linkage 'return)))
(make-instruction-sequence
'(proc)
all-regs
`((assign continue (label ,linkage))
(assign val
(op compiled-procedure-entry)
(reg proc))
(goto (reg val)))))
((and (not (eq? target 'val))
(not (eq? linkage 'return)))
(let ((proc-return (make-label 'proc-return)))
(make-instruction-sequence
'(proc)
all-regs
`((assign continue (label ,proc-return))
(assign val
(op compiled-procedure-entry)
(reg proc))
(goto (reg val))
,proc-return
(assign ,target (reg val))
(goto (label ,linkage))))))
((and (eq? target 'val) (eq? linkage 'return))
(make-instruction-sequence
'(proc continue)
all-regs
'((assign val
(op compiled-procedure-entry)
(reg proc))
(goto (reg val)))))
((and (not (eq? target 'val)) (eq? linkage 'return))
(error "return linkage, target not val -- COMPILE" target))))
(define (registers-needed s)
(if (symbol? s) '() (car s)))
(define (registers-modified s)
(if (symbol? s) '() (cadr s)))
(define (statements s)
(if (symbol? s) (list s) (caddr s)))
(define (needs-register? seq reg)
(memq reg (registers-needed seq)))
(define (modifies-register? seq reg)
(memq reg (registers-modified seq)))
(define (append-instruction-sequences . seqs)
(define (append-2-sequences seq1 seq2)
(make-instruction-sequence
(list-union (registers-needed seq1)
(list-difference (registers-needed seq2)
(registers-needed seq1)))
(list-union (registers-modified seq1)
(registers-modified seq2))
(append (statements seq1) (statements seq2))))
(define (append-seq-list seqs)
(if (null? seqs)
(empty-instruction-sequence)
(append-2-sequences (car seqs)
(append-seq-list (cdr seqs)))))
(append-seq-list seqs))
(define (list-union s1 s2)
(cond ((null? s1) s2)
((memq (car s1) s2) (list-union (cdr s1) s2))
(else (cons (car s1) (list-union (cdr s1) s2)))))
(define (list-difference s1 s2)
(cond ((null? s1) '())
((memq (car s1) s2) (list-difference (cdr s1) s2))
(else (cons (car s1)
(list-difference (cdr s1) s2)))))
(define (preserving regs seq1 seq2)
(if (null? regs)
(append-instruction-sequences seq1 seq2)
(let ((first-reg (car regs)))
(if (and (needs-register? seq2 first-reg)
(modifies-register? seq1 first-reg))
(preserving (cdr regs)
(make-instruction-sequence
(list-union (list first-reg)
(registers-needed seq1))
(list-difference (registers-modified seq1)
(list first-reg))
(append `((save ,first-reg))
(statements seq1)
`((restore ,first-reg))))
seq2)
(preserving (cdr regs) seq1 seq2)))))
(define (tack-on-instruction-sequence seq body-seq)
(make-instruction-sequence
(registers-needed seq)
(registers-modified seq)
(append (statements seq) (statements body-seq))))
(define (parallel-instruction-sequences seq1 seq2)
(make-instruction-sequence
(list-union (registers-needed seq1)
(registers-needed seq2))
(list-union (registers-modified seq1)
(registers-modified seq2))
(append (statements seq1) (statements seq2))))
sample42.scm
#!/usr/bin/env gosh
;; -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
(load "./compiler42.scm")
(print (compile '((lambda (x y)
(lambda (a b c d e)
((lambda (y z)
(set! x 1)
(set! y 5)
(* x y c))
(* x y c)
(+ c d x))))
3
4)
'val
'next
'()))
入出力結果(Terminal(gosh), REPL(Read, Eval, Print, Loop))
$ ./sample42.scm ((env val argl proc) (env proc argl continue val) ((assign proc (op make-compiled-procedure) (label entry1) (reg env)) (goto (label after-lambda2)) entry1 (assign env (op compiled-procedure-env) (reg proc)) (assign env (op extend-environment) (const (x y)) (reg argl) (reg env)) (assign val (op make-compiled-procedure) (label entry3) (reg env)) (goto (reg continue)) entry3 (assign env (op compiled-procedure-env) (reg proc)) (assign env (op extend-environment) (const (a b c d e)) (reg argl) (reg env)) (assign proc (op make-compiled-procedure) (label entry5) (reg env)) (goto (label after-lambda6)) entry5 (assign env (op compiled-procedure-env) (reg proc)) (assign env (op extend-environment) (const (y z)) (reg argl) (reg env)) (assign val (const 1)) (perform (op lexical-address-set!) (const (2 0)) (reg val) (reg env)) (assign val (const ok)) (assign val (const 5)) (perform (op lexical-address-set!) (const (0 0)) (reg val) (reg env)) (assign val (const ok)) (assign proc (op lookup-variable-value) (const *) (reg env)) (assign val (op lexical-address-lookup) (const (1 2)) (reg env)) (assign argl (op list) (reg val)) (assign val (op lexical-address-lookup) (const (0 0)) (reg env)) (assign argl (op cons) (reg val) (reg argl)) (assign val (op lexical-address-lookup) (const (2 0)) (reg env)) (assign argl (op cons) (reg val) (reg argl)) (test (op primitive-procedure?) (reg proc)) (branch (label primitive-branch7)) compiled-branch8 (assign val (op compiled-procedure-entry) (reg proc)) (goto (reg val)) primitive-branch7 (assign val (op apply-primitive-procedure) (reg proc) (reg argl)) (goto (reg continue)) after-call9 after-lambda6 (save continue) (save proc) (save env) (assign proc (op lookup-variable-value) (const +) (reg env)) (assign val (op lexical-address-lookup) (const (1 0)) (reg env)) (assign argl (op list) (reg val)) (assign val (op lexical-address-lookup) (const (0 3)) (reg env)) (assign argl (op cons) (reg val) (reg argl)) (assign val (op lexical-address-lookup) (const (0 2)) (reg env)) (assign argl (op cons) (reg val) (reg argl)) (test (op primitive-procedure?) (reg proc)) (branch (label primitive-branch13)) compiled-branch14 (assign continue (label after-call15)) (assign val (op compiled-procedure-entry) (reg proc)) (goto (reg val)) primitive-branch13 (assign val (op apply-primitive-procedure) (reg proc) (reg argl)) after-call15 (assign argl (op list) (reg val)) (restore env) (save argl) (assign proc (op lookup-variable-value) (const *) (reg env)) (assign val (op lexical-address-lookup) (const (0 2)) (reg env)) (assign argl (op list) (reg val)) (assign val (op lexical-address-lookup) (const (1 1)) (reg env)) (assign argl (op cons) (reg val) (reg argl)) (assign val (op lexical-address-lookup) (const (1 0)) (reg env)) (assign argl (op cons) (reg val) (reg argl)) (test (op primitive-procedure?) (reg proc)) (branch (label primitive-branch10)) compiled-branch11 (assign continue (label after-call12)) (assign val (op compiled-procedure-entry) (reg proc)) (goto (reg val)) primitive-branch10 (assign val (op apply-primitive-procedure) (reg proc) (reg argl)) after-call12 (restore argl) (assign argl (op cons) (reg val) (reg argl)) (restore proc) (restore continue) (test (op primitive-procedure?) (reg proc)) (branch (label primitive-branch16)) compiled-branch17 (assign val (op compiled-procedure-entry) (reg proc)) (goto (reg val)) primitive-branch16 (assign val (op apply-primitive-procedure) (reg proc) (reg argl)) (goto (reg continue)) after-call18 after-lambda4 after-lambda2 (assign val (const 4)) (assign argl (op list) (reg val)) (assign val (const 3)) (assign argl (op cons) (reg val) (reg argl)) (test (op primitive-procedure?) (reg proc)) (branch (label primitive-branch19)) compiled-branch20 (assign continue (label after-call21)) (assign val (op compiled-procedure-entry) (reg proc)) (goto (reg val)) primitive-branch19 (assign val (op apply-primitive-procedure) (reg proc) (reg argl)) after-call21)) $
見やすくするため、改行を挿入して修正。
レジスタ計算機。
(assign proc (op make-compiled-procedure) (label entry1) (reg env)) (goto (label after-lambda2)) entry1 (assign env (op compiled-procedure-env) (reg proc)) (assign env (op extend-environment) (const (x y)) (reg argl) (reg env)) (assign val (op make-compiled-procedure) (label entry3) (reg env)) (goto (reg continue)) entry3 (assign env (op compiled-procedure-env) (reg proc)) (assign env (op extend-environment) (const (a b c d e)) (reg argl) (reg env)) (assign proc (op make-compiled-procedure) (label entry5) (reg env)) (goto (label after-lambda6)) entry5 (assign env (op compiled-procedure-env) (reg proc)) (assign env (op extend-environment) (const (y z)) (reg argl) (reg env)) (assign val (const 1)) (perform (op lexical-address-set!) (const (2 0)) (reg val) (reg env)) (assign val (const ok)) (assign val (const 5)) (perform (op lexical-address-set!) (const (0 0)) (reg val) (reg env)) (assign val (const ok)) (assign proc (op lookup-variable-value) (const *) (reg env)) (assign val (op lexical-address-lookup) (const (1 2)) (reg env)) (assign argl (op list) (reg val)) (assign val (op lexical-address-lookup) (const (0 0)) (reg env)) (assign argl (op cons) (reg val) (reg argl)) (assign val (op lexical-address-lookup) (const (2 0)) (reg env)) (assign argl (op cons) (reg val) (reg argl)) (test (op primitive-procedure?) (reg proc)) (branch (label primitive-branch7)) com piled-branch8 (assign val (op compiled-procedure-entry) (reg proc)) (goto (reg val)) primitive-branch7 (assign val (op apply-primitive-procedure) (reg proc) (reg argl)) (goto (reg continue)) after-call9 after-lambda6 (save continue) (save proc) (save env) (assign proc (op lookup-variable-value) (const +) (reg env)) (assign val (op lexical-address-lookup) (const (1 0)) (reg env)) (assign argl (op list) (reg val)) (assign val (op lexical-address-lookup) (const (0 3)) (reg env)) (assign argl (op cons) (reg val) (reg argl)) (assign val (op lexical-address-lookup) (const (0 2)) (reg env)) (assign argl (op cons) (reg val) (reg argl)) (test (op primitive-procedure?) (reg proc)) (branch (label primitive-branch13)) compiled-branch14 (assign continue (label after-call15)) (assign val (op compiled-procedure-entry) (reg proc)) (goto (reg val)) primitive-branch13 (assign val (op apply-primitive-procedure) (reg proc) (reg argl)) after-call15 (assign argl (op list) (reg val)) (restore env) (save argl) (assign proc (op lookup-variable-value) (const *) (reg env)) (assign val (op lexical-address-lookup) (const (0 2)) (reg env)) (assign argl (op list) (reg val)) (assign val (op lexical-address-lookup) (const (1 1)) (reg env)) (assign argl (op cons) (reg val) (reg argl)) (assign val (op lexical-address-lookup) (const (1 0)) (reg env)) (assign argl (op cons) (reg val) (reg argl)) (test (op primitive-procedure?) (reg proc)) (branch (label primitive-branch10)) compiled-branch11 (assign continue (label after-call12)) (assign val (op compiled-procedure-entry) (reg proc)) (goto (reg val)) primitive-branch10 (assign val (op apply-primitive-procedure) (reg proc) (reg argl)) after-call12 (restore argl) (assign argl (op cons) (reg val) (reg argl)) (restore proc) (restore continue) (test (op primitive-procedure?) (reg proc)) (branch (label primitive-branch16)) compiled-branch17 (assign val (op compiled-procedure-entry) (reg proc)) (goto (reg val)) primitive-branch16 (assign val (op apply-primitive-procedure) (reg proc) (reg argl)) (goto (reg continue)) after-call18 after-lambda4 after-lambda2 (assign val (const 4)) (assign argl (op list) (reg val)) (assign val (const 3)) (assign argl (op cons) (reg val) (reg argl)) (test (op primitive-procedure?) (reg proc)) (branch (label primitive-branch19)) compiled-branch20 (assign continue (label after-call21)) (assign val (op compiled-procedure-entry) (reg proc)) (goto (reg val)) primitive-branch19 (assign val (op apply-primitive-procedure) (reg proc) (reg argl)) after-call21
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