学習環境
- Surface Go、タイプ カバー、ペン(端末)
- Windows 10 Pro (OS)
- Nebo(Windows アプリ)
- iPad Pro + Apple Pencil
- MyScript Nebo - MyScript(iPad アプリ(iOS))
- 参考書籍
解析入門 原書第3版 (S.ラング(著)、松坂 和夫(翻訳)、片山 孝次(翻訳)、岩波書店)の第3部(積分)、第12章(いくつかの計算練習)、2(スターリングの公式)の定理2の証明8.を取り組んでみる。
証明7より、
よって、
となるある数 x が存在して、
が成り立つ。
(証明終)
コード(Emacs)
Python 3
#!/usr/bin/env python3 from sympy import pprint, symbols, Rational, exp, factorial, plot, oo, solve print('8.') n = symbols('n') a = n ** (n + Rational(1, 2)) * exp(-n) / factorial(n) b = a * exp(1 / (12 * n)) θ = symbols('θ') for cn in [a, b]: pprint(cn.limit(n, oo)) print() c = cn.limit(n, oo) eq = factorial(n) - c ** (-1) * n ** (n + Rational(1, 2)) * \ exp(-n) * exp(θ / (12 * n)) θs = solve(eq, θ) pprint(θs) p = plot(*[θs[0].subs({n: n0}) for n0 in range(1, 6)], show=False, legend=True) colors = ['red', 'green', 'blue', 'orange', 'brown'] for i, color in enumerate(colors): p[i].line_color = color p.save('sample4.svg')
入出力結果(Terminal, Jupyter(IPython))
$ ./sample4.py 8. √2 ──── 2⋅√π √2 ──── 2⋅√π ⎡ ⎛ ⎛ -n - 1/2 n ⎞ ⎞⎤ ⎣-6⋅n⋅⎝- 2⋅log⎝n ⋅ℯ ⋅Γ(n + 1)⎠ + log(2) + log(π)⎠⎦ $
HTML5
<div id="graph0"></div> <pre id="output0"></pre> <label for="r0">r = </label> <input id="r0" type="number" min="0" value="0.5"> <label for="dx">dx = </label> <input id="dx" type="number" min="0" step="0.001" value="0.001"> <br> <label for="x1">x1 = </label> <input id="x1" type="number" value="1"> <label for="x2">x2 = </label> <input id="x2" type="number" value="10"> <br> <label for="y1">y1 = </label> <input id="y1" type="number" value="0.972"> <label for="y2">y2 = </label> <input id="y2" type="number" value="1"> <button id="draw0">draw</button> <button id="clear0">clear</button> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/d3/4.2.6/d3.min.js" integrity="sha256-5idA201uSwHAROtCops7codXJ0vja+6wbBrZdQ6ETQc=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <script src="sample4.js"></script>
JavaScript
let div0 = document.querySelector('#graph0'), pre0 = document.querySelector('#output0'), width = 600, height = 600, padding = 50, btn0 = document.querySelector('#draw0'), btn1 = document.querySelector('#clear0'), input_r = document.querySelector('#r0'), input_dx = document.querySelector('#dx'), input_x1 = document.querySelector('#x1'), input_x2 = document.querySelector('#x2'), input_y1 = document.querySelector('#y1'), input_y2 = document.querySelector('#y2'), input_n0 = document.querySelector('#n0'), inputs = [input_r, input_dx, input_x1, input_x2, input_y1, input_y2], p = (x) => pre0.textContent += x + '\n'; let fact = n => { let res = 1; for (let i = 1; i <= n; i += 1) { res *= i; } return res; }, f = x => { let n = Math.floor(x); return -6 * n * (-2 * Math.log(n ** (-n - 1 / 2) * Math.exp(n) * fact(n)) + Math.log(2) + Math.log(Math.PI)); }, fns = [[f, 'green']]; let draw = () => { pre0.textContent = ''; let r = parseFloat(input_r.value), dx = parseFloat(input_dx.value), x1 = parseFloat(input_x1.value), x2 = parseFloat(input_x2.value), y1 = parseFloat(input_y1.value), y2 = parseFloat(input_y2.value); if (r === 0 || dx === 0 || x1 > x2 || y1 > y2) { return; } let points = [], lines = [[x1, 1, x2, 1, 'red']]; fns .forEach((o) => { let [f, color] = o; for (let x = x1; x <= x2; x += dx) { let y = f(x); points.push([x, y, color]); } }); let xscale = d3.scaleLinear() .domain([x1, x2]) .range([padding, width - padding]); let yscale = d3.scaleLinear() .domain([y1, y2]) .range([height - padding, padding]); let xaxis = d3.axisBottom().scale(xscale); let yaxis = d3.axisLeft().scale(yscale); div0.innerHTML = ''; let svg = d3.select('#graph0') .append('svg') .attr('width', width) .attr('height', height); svg.selectAll('line') .data([[x1, 0, x2, 0], [0, y1, 0, y2]].concat(lines)) .enter() .append('line') .attr('x1', (d) => xscale(d[0])) .attr('y1', (d) => yscale(d[1])) .attr('x2', (d) => xscale(d[2])) .attr('y2', (d) => yscale(d[3])) .attr('stroke', (d) => d[4] || 'black'); svg.selectAll('circle') .data(points) .enter() .append('circle') .attr('cx', (d) => xscale(d[0])) .attr('cy', (d) => yscale(d[1])) .attr('r', r) .attr('fill', (d) => d[2] || 'green'); svg.append('g') .attr('transform', `translate(0, ${height - padding})`) .call(xaxis); svg.append('g') .attr('transform', `translate(${padding}, 0)`) .call(yaxis); [fns].forEach((fs) => p(fs.join('\n'))); }; inputs.forEach((input) => input.onchange = draw); btn0.onclick = draw; btn1.onclick = () => pre0.textContent = ''; draw();
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