数学 – Python - JavaScript - 数学はここから始まる - 数 – 2次方程式と複素数 – 2次方程式の解の種類と判別式(重解)

学習環境

数学読本〈1〉数・式の計算/方程式/不等式 (松坂和夫(著)、岩波書店)の第3章(数学の威力を発揮する - 方程式)、3.2(2次方程式と複素数)、2次方程式の解の種類と判別式の問8.を取り組んでみる。

重解をもつような定数 a。

$\begin{array}{l} {(a + 4)}^{2} - 4 (a^{2} + 5) = 0 \\ a^{2} + 8 a + 16 - 4 a^{2} - 20 = 0 \\ 3 a^{2} - 8 a + 4 = 0 \\ (a - 2) (3 a - 2) = 0 \\ a = 2, \frac{2}{3} \end{array}$

a が2のときの重解。

$\begin{array}{l} x^{2} + 6 x + 9 = 0 \\ {(x + 3)}^{2} = 0 \\ x = - 3 \end{array}$

a が2/3のときの重解。

$\begin{array}{l} x^{2} + (\frac{2}{3} + 4) x + (\frac{4}{9} + 5) = 0 \\ 9 x^{2} + 42 x + 49 = 0 \\ {(3 x + 7)}^{2} = 0 \\ x = - \frac{7}{3} \end{array}$

コード(Emacs)

Python 3

#!/usr/bin/env python3
from sympy import pprint, symbols, solve, Rational

print('8.')


x, a = symbols('x, a')

eq = x ** 2 + (a + 4) * x + a ** 2 + 5
nums = [2, Rational(2, 3)]

for a0 in nums:
    pprint(solve(eq.subs({a: a0}), dict=True))
    print()

入出力結果(Terminal, Jupyter(IPython))

$ ./sample8.py
8.
[{x: -3}]

[{x: -7/3}]

$

HTML5

<div id="graph0"></div>
<pre id="output0"></pre>
<label for="r0">r = </label>
<input id="r0" type="number" min="0" value="0.5">
<label for="dx">dx = </label>
<input id="dx" type="number" min="0" step="0.001" value="0.001">
<br>
<label for="x1">x1 = </label>
<input id="x1" type="number" value="-5">
<label for="x2">x2 = </label>
<input id="x2" type="number" value="5">
<br>
<label for="y1">y1 = </label>
<input id="y1" type="number" value="-5">
<label for="y2">y2 = </label>
<input id="y2" type="number" value="5">

<button id="draw0">draw</button>
<button id="clear0">clear</button>

<script type="text/javascript" src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/d3/4.2.6/d3.min.js" integrity="sha256-5idA201uSwHAROtCops7codXJ0vja+6wbBrZdQ6ETQc=" crossorigin="anonymous"></script>

<script src="sample8.js"></script>

JavaScript

let div0 = document.querySelector('#graph0'),
    pre0 = document.querySelector('#output0'),
    width = 600,
    height = 600,
    padding = 50,
    btn0 = document.querySelector('#draw0'),
    btn1 = document.querySelector('#clear0'),
    input_r = document.querySelector('#r0'),
    input_dx = document.querySelector('#dx'),
    input_x1 = document.querySelector('#x1'),
    input_x2 = document.querySelector('#x2'),
    input_y1 = document.querySelector('#y1'),
    input_y2 = document.querySelector('#y2'),
    inputs = [input_r, input_dx, input_x1, input_x2, input_y1, input_y2],
    p = (x) => pre0.textContent += x + '\n';

let fns = [[x => x ** 2 + 6 * x + 9, 'red'],
           [x => x ** 2 + (2 / 3 +  4) * x + (4 / 9 + 5), 'green']];
    
let draw = () => {
    pre0.textContent = '';

    let r = parseFloat(input_r.value),
        dx = parseFloat(input_dx.value),
        x1 = parseFloat(input_x1.value),
        x2 = parseFloat(input_x2.value),
        y1 = parseFloat(input_y1.value),
        y2 = parseFloat(input_y2.value);

    if (r === 0 || dx === 0 || x1 > x2 || y1 > y2) {
        return;
    }    

    let points = [],
        lines = [[-3, y1, -3, y2, 'blue'],
                 [-7 / 3, y1, -7 / 3, y2, 'brown']];

    fns
        .forEach((o) => {
            let [f, color] = o;
            for (let x = x1; x <= x2; x += dx) {
                let y = f(x);

                points.push([x, y, color]);
            }
        });
    
    let xscale = d3.scaleLinear()
        .domain([x1, x2])
        .range([padding, width - padding]);
    let yscale = d3.scaleLinear()
        .domain([y1, y2])
        .range([height - padding, padding]);

    let xaxis = d3.axisBottom().scale(xscale);
    let yaxis = d3.axisLeft().scale(yscale);
    div0.innerHTML = '';
    let svg = d3.select('#graph0')
        .append('svg')
        .attr('width', width)
        .attr('height', height);

    svg.selectAll('line')
        .data([[x1, 0, x2, 0], [0, y1, 0, y2]].concat(lines))
        .enter()
        .append('line')
        .attr('x1', (d) => xscale(d[0]))
        .attr('y1', (d) => yscale(d[1]))
        .attr('x2', (d) => xscale(d[2]))
        .attr('y2', (d) => yscale(d[3]))
        .attr('stroke', (d) => d[4] || 'black');

    svg.selectAll('circle')
        .data(points)
        .enter()
        .append('circle')
        .attr('cx', (d) => xscale(d[0]))
        .attr('cy', (d) => yscale(d[1]))
        .attr('r', r)
        .attr('fill', (d) => d[2] || 'green');
    
    svg.append('g')
        .attr('transform', `translate(0, ${height - padding})`)
        .call(xaxis);

    svg.append('g')
        .attr('transform', `translate(${padding}, 0)`)
        .call(yaxis);

    [fns].forEach((fs) => p(fs.join('\n')));
};

inputs.forEach((input) => input.onchange = draw);
btn0.onclick = draw;
btn1.onclick = () => pre0.textContent = '';
draw();

r = dx =
x1 = x2 =
y1 = y2 =

Kamimura's blog

2018年11月6日火曜日

数学 – Python - JavaScript - 数学はここから始まる - 数 – 2次方程式と複素数 – 2次方程式の解の種類と判別式(重解)

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