開発環境
- macOS Mojave - Apple (OS)
- Emacs (Text Editor)
- Windows 10 Pro (OS)
- Visual Studio Code (Text Editor)
- Python 3.7 (プログラミング言語)
- GIMP (ビットマップ画像編集・加工ソフトウェア、PPM形式(portable pixmap)の画像用)
The Ray Tracer Challenge: A Test-Driven Guide to Your First 3D Renderer (Jamis Buck(著)、Pragmatic Bookshelf)、Chapter 10(Patterns)のPut It Together(138)、Blended patternsを取り組んでみる。
コード
Python 3
patterns_test.py
#!//usr/bin/env python3
from unittest import TestCase, main
from patterns import Pattern, Solid, Stripe, Gradient, Ring, Checkers
from tuples import Point, Color
from spheres import Sphere
from transformations import scaling, translation
from matrices import IDENTITY_MATRIX
class PatternTest(TestCase):
def setUp(self):
self.pattern = Pattern()
def tearDown(self):
pass
def test_transformation(self):
self.assertEqual(self.pattern.transform, IDENTITY_MATRIX)
def test_assign_transformation(self):
self.pattern.transform = translation(1, 2, 3)
self.assertEqual(self.pattern.transform, translation(1, 2, 3))
def test_with_obj_transformation(self):
shape = Sphere(scaling(2, 2, 2))
c = self.pattern.at_shape(shape, Point(2, 3, 4))
self.assertEqual(c, Color(1, 1.5, 2))
def test_with_pattern_transformation(self):
shape = Sphere()
self.pattern.transform = scaling(2, 2, 2)
c = self.pattern.at_shape(shape, Point(2, 3, 4))
self.assertEqual(c, Color(1, 1.5, 2))
class StripeTest(TestCase):
def setUp(self):
self.black = Color(0, 0, 0)
self.white = Color(1, 1, 1)
self.solid_black = Solid(self.black)
self.solid_white = Solid(self.white)
def tearDown(self):
pass
def test_stripe(self):
pattern = Stripe(self.solid_white, self.solid_black)
for a, b in [(pattern.a, self.solid_white),
(pattern.b, self.solid_black)]:
self.assertEqual(a, b)
def test_constant_y(self):
pattern = Stripe(self.solid_white, self.solid_black)
for point in [Point(0, 0, 0),
Point(0, 1, 0),
Point(0, 2, 0)]:
self.assertEqual(pattern.at(point), self.white)
def test_constant_z(self):
pattern = Stripe(self.solid_white, self.solid_black)
for point in [Point(0, 0, 0),
Point(0, 0, 1),
Point(0, 0, 2)]:
self.assertEqual(pattern.at(point), self.white)
def test_alternates_x(self):
pattern = Stripe(self.solid_white, self.solid_black)
for xyz, color in [((0, 0, 0), self.white),
((0.9, 0, 0), self.white),
((1, 0, 0), self.black),
((-0.1, 0, 0), self.black),
((-1, 0, 0), self.black),
((-1.1, 0, 0), self.white)]:
self.assertEqual(pattern.at(Point(*xyz)), color)
def test_with_obj_transformation(self):
obj = Sphere(transform=scaling(2, 2, 2))
pattern = Stripe(self.solid_white, self.solid_black)
self.assertEqual(pattern.at_shape(obj, Point(1.5, 0, 0)),
self.white)
def test_with_pattern_transformation(self):
obj = Sphere()
pattern = Stripe(self.solid_white, self.solid_black,
transform=scaling(2, 2, 2))
self.assertEqual(pattern.at_shape(obj, Point(1.5, 0, 0)),
self.white)
def test_with_both_obj_pattern_transformation(self):
obj = Sphere(scaling(2, 2, 2))
pattern = Stripe(self.solid_white, self.solid_black,
translation(0.5, 0, 0))
self.assertEqual(pattern.at_shape(obj, Point(2.5, 0, 0)),
self.white)
class GradientTest(TestCase):
def setUp(self):
pass
def tearDown(self):
pass
def test_linearly_interpolates_between_colors(self):
pattern = Gradient(Solid(Color(1, 1, 1)), Solid(Color(0, 0, 0)))
for point_xyz, color_xyz in [((0, 0, 0), (1, 1, 1)),
((0.25, 0, 0), (0.75, 0.75, 0.75)),
((0.5, 0, 0), (0.5, 0.5, 0.5)),
((0.75, 0, 0), (0.25, 0.25, 0.25))]:
self.assertEqual(pattern.at(Point(*point_xyz)),
Color(*color_xyz))
class RingTest(TestCase):
def setUp(self):
pass
def tearDown(self):
pass
def test(self):
ring = Ring(Solid(Color(1, 1, 1)), Solid(Color(0, 0, 0)))
for point, color in [((0, 0, 0), (1, 1, 1)),
((1, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0)),
((0, 0, 1), (0, 0, 0)),
((0.708, 0, 0.708), (0, 0, 0))]:
self.assertEqual(ring.at(Point(*point)), Color(*color))
class CheckersTest(TestCase):
def setUp(self):
self.white = Color(1, 1, 1)
self.black = Color(0, 0, 0)
self.solid_white = Solid(self.white)
self.solid_black = Solid(self.black)
def tearDown(self):
pass
def test_repeate_x(self):
checkers = Checkers(self.solid_white, self.solid_black)
for point, color in [((0, 0, 0), self.white),
((0.99, 0, 0), self.white),
((1.01, 0, 0), self.black)]:
self.assertEqual(checkers.at(Point(*point)), color)
def test_repeate_y(self):
checkers = Checkers(self.solid_white, self.solid_black)
for point, color in [((0, 0, 0), self.white),
((0, 0.99, 0), self.white),
((0, 1.01, 0), self.black)]:
self.assertEqual(checkers.at(Point(*point)), color)
def test_repeate_z(self):
checkers = Checkers(self.solid_white, self.solid_black)
for point, color in [((0, 0, 0), self.white),
((0, 0, 0.99), self.white),
((0, 0, 1.01), self.black)]:
self.assertEqual(checkers.at(Point(*point)), color)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
patterns.py
import math
from matrices import IDENTITY_MATRIX
from tuples import is_equal, Color
class Pattern:
def __init__(self, transform=IDENTITY_MATRIX):
self.transform = transform
def at(self, point):
return Color(point.x, point.y, point.z)
def at_shape(self, shape, world_point):
obj_point = shape.transform.inverse() * world_point
point = self.transform.inverse() * obj_point
return self.at(point)
class Solid(Pattern):
def __init__(self, color):
super().__init__()
self.color = color
def at(self, point):
return self.color
class Stripe(Pattern):
def __init__(self, pattern_a, pattern_b, transform=IDENTITY_MATRIX):
super().__init__(transform)
self.a = pattern_a
self.b = pattern_b
def at(self, point):
point = self.transform.inverse() * point
if math.floor(point.x) % 2 == 0:
return self.a.at(point)
return self.b.at(point)
class Gradient(Pattern):
def __init__(self, pattern_a, pattern_b, transform=IDENTITY_MATRIX):
super().__init__(transform)
self.a = pattern_a
self.b = pattern_b
def at(self, point):
point = self.transform.inverse() * point
distance = self.b.at(point) - self.a.at(point)
fraction = point.x - math.floor(point.x)
return self.a.at(point) + distance * fraction
class Ring(Pattern):
def __init__(self, pattern_a, pattern_b, transform=IDENTITY_MATRIX):
super().__init__(transform)
self.a = pattern_a
self.b = pattern_b
def at(self, point):
point = self.transform.inverse() * point
if is_equal(math.floor(math.sqrt(point.x ** 2 + point.z ** 2)) % 2, 0):
return self.a.at(point)
return self.b.at(point)
class Checkers(Pattern):
def __init__(self, pattern_a, pattern_b, transform=IDENTITY_MATRIX):
super().__init__(transform)
self.a = pattern_a
self.b = pattern_b
def at(self, point):
point = self.transform.inverse() * point
if is_equal(sum([math.floor(p)
for p in [point.x, point.y, point.z]]) % 2,
0):
return self.a.at(point)
return self.b.at(point)
class RadialGradient(Pattern):
def __init__(self, pattern_a, pattern_b, transform=IDENTITY_MATRIX):
super().__init__(transform)
self.a = pattern_a
self.b = pattern_b
def at(self, point):
color_distance = self.b - self.a
distance = math.sqrt(point.x ** 2 + point.z ** 2)
fraction = distance - math.floor(distance)
return self.a + color_distance * fraction
class Blend(Pattern):
def __init__(self, pattern_a, pattern_b, transform=IDENTITY_MATRIX):
super().__init__(transform)
self.a = pattern_a
self.b = pattern_b
def at(self, point):
point = self.transform.inverse() * point
color_a = self.a.at(point)
color_b = self.b.at(point)
return (color_a + color_b) / 2
sample3.py
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import math
import time
from tuples import Point, Vector, Color
from planes import Plane
from materials import Material
from patterns import Solid, Stripe, Blend
from camera import Camera
from lights import Light
from world import World
from transformations import view_transform, rotation_y
print('ファイル名, rendering time(秒)')
width = 500
height = 250
stripe1 = Stripe(Solid(Color(1, 0, 0)), Solid(Color(1, 1, 1)),
transform=rotation_y(math.pi / 4))
stripe2 = Stripe(Solid(Color(1, 0, 0)), Solid(Color(1, 1, 1)),
transform=rotation_y(-math.pi / 4))
blend = Blend(stripe1, stripe2)
material = Material(specular=0, pattern=blend)
plane = Plane(material=material)
camera = Camera(width, height, math.pi / 2,
transform=view_transform(Point(0, 1.5, -5), Point(0, 1, 0),
Vector(0, 1, 0)))
world = World([plane], Light(Point(-10, 10, -10), Color(1, 1, 1)))
start = time.time()
canvas = camera.render(world)
s = time.time() - start
with open(f'sample5.ppm', 'w') as f:
canvas.to_ppm(f)
print(f'sample5.ppm,{s}')
入出力結果(Bash、cmd(コマンドプロンプト)、Terminal、Jupyter(IPython))
C:\Users\...>py materials_test.py ........ ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Ran 8 tests in 0.003s OK C:\Users\...>py patterns_test.py ................ ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Ran 16 tests in 0.007s OK C:\Users\...>py sample3.py ファイル名, rendering time(秒) sample5.ppm,519.0295162200928 C:\Users\...>
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