開発環境
- macOS Mojave - Apple (OS)
- Emacs (Text Editor)
- Windows 10 Pro (OS)
- Visual Studio Code (Text Editor)
- Python 3.7 (プログラミング言語)
- GIMP (ビットマップ画像編集・加工ソフトウェア、PPM形式(portable pixmap)の画像用)
The Ray Tracer Challenge: A Test-Driven Guide to Your First 3D Renderer (Jamis Buck(著)、Pragmatic Bookshelf)、Chapter 10(Patterns)のPut It Together(138)を取り組んでみる。
コード
Python 3
materials_test.py
#!/usr/bin/env python3
from unittest import TestCase, main
from materials import Material
from tuples import Point, Vector, Color
from lights import Light
from patterns import Stripe
from spheres import Sphere
import math
class MaterialTest(TestCase):
def setUp(self):
self.m = Material()
self.position = Point(0, 0, 0)
self.obj = Sphere()
def tearDown(self):
pass
def test_marial(self):
m = Material()
tests = [(m.color, Color(1, 1, 1)),
(m.ambient, 0.1),
(m.diffuse, 0.9),
(m.specular, 0.9),
(m.shininess, 200)]
for a, b in tests:
self.assertEqual(a, b)
def test_lighting_with_eye_between_light_surface(self):
eye_vecotr = Vector(0, 0, -1)
normal_vector = Vector(0, 0, -1)
light = Light(Point(0, 0, -10), Color(1, 1, 1))
result = self.m.lighting(
self.obj, light, self.position, eye_vecotr, normal_vector)
self.assertEqual(result, Color(1.9, 1.9, 1.9))
def test_lighting_with_eye_between_light_surface_eye45(self):
eye_vector = Vector(0, 1 / math.sqrt(2), -1 / math.sqrt(2))
normal_vector = Vector(0, 0, -1)
light = Light(Point(0, 0, -10), Color(1, 1, 1))
self.assertEqual(
self.m.lighting(self.obj, light, self.position,
eye_vector, normal_vector),
Color(1.0, 1.0, 1.0))
def test_lighting_with_eye_opposite_surface_light45(self):
eye_vector = Vector(0, 0, -1)
normal_vector = Vector(0, 0, -1)
light = Light(Point(0, 10, -10), Color(1, 1, 1))
self.assertEqual(
self.m.lighting(self.obj, light, self.position,
eye_vector, normal_vector),
Color(0.7364, 0.7364, 0.7364))
def test_lighting_eye_reflection(self):
eye_vector = Vector(0, -1 / math.sqrt(2), -1 / math.sqrt(2))
normal_vector = Vector(0, 0, -1)
light = Light(Point(0, 10, -10), Color(1, 1, 1))
self.assertEqual(
self.m.lighting(self.obj, light, self.position,
eye_vector, normal_vector),
Color(1.6364, 1.6364, 1.6364))
def test_lighting_behind_surface(self):
eye_vector = Vector(0, 0, -1)
normal_vector = Vector(0, 0, -1)
light = Light(Point(0, 0, 10), Color(1, 1, 1))
self.assertEqual(
self.m.lighting(self.obj, light, self.position,
eye_vector, normal_vector),
Color(0.1, 0.1, 0.1))
def test_lighting_with_surface_in_shadow(self):
eye_vercotr = Vector(0, 0, -1)
normal_vector = Vector(0, 0, -1)
light = Light(Point(0, 0, -10), Color(1, 1, 1))
in_shadow = True
result = self.m.lighting(self.obj, light, self.position, eye_vercotr,
normal_vector, in_shadow)
self.assertEqual(result, Color(0.1, 0.1, 0.1))
def test_lighting_with_stripe_aplied(self):
self.m.pattern = Stripe(Color(1, 1, 1), Color(0, 0, 0))
self.m.ambient = 1
self.m.diffuse = 0
self.m.specular = 0
eye_vector = Vector(0, 0, -1)
normal_vector = Vector(0, 0, -1)
light = Light(Point(0, 0, -10), Color(1, 1, 1))
for xyz, color in [((0.9, 0, 0), Color(1, 1, 1)),
((1.1, 0, 0), Color(0, 0, 0))]:
self.assertEqual(
self.m.lighting(self.obj, light, Point(
*xyz), eye_vector, normal_vector),
color)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
materials.py
from tuples import Color, is_equal
class Material:
def __init__(self, color=Color(1, 1, 1), ambient=0.1, diffuse=0.9,
specular=0.9, shininess=200, pattern=None):
self.color = color
self.ambient = ambient
self.diffuse = diffuse
self.specular = specular
self.shininess = shininess
self.pattern = pattern
def __repr__(self):
return f'Material({self.color},{self.ambient},{self.diffuse},' +\
f'{self.specular},{self.shininess})'
def __eq__(self, other):
if self.color != other.color:
return False
tests = [(self.ambient, other.ambient),
(self.diffuse, other.diffuse),
(self.specular, other.specular),
(self.shininess, other.shininess)]
for a, b in tests:
if not is_equal(a, b):
return False
return True
def lighting(self, obj, light, point, eye_vector, normal_vector,
in_shadow=False) -> Color:
if self.pattern is None:
color = self.color
else:
color = self.pattern.at_shape(obj, point)
effective_color = color * light.intensity
light_vector = (light.position - point).normalize()
ambient = effective_color * self.ambient
if in_shadow:
return ambient
light_dot_normal = light_vector.dot(normal_vector)
if light_dot_normal < 0:
diffuse = Color(0, 0, 0)
specular = Color(0, 0, 0)
else:
diffuse = effective_color * self.diffuse * light_dot_normal
reflect_vector = -light_vector.reflect(normal_vector)
reflect_dot_eye = reflect_vector.dot(eye_vector)
if reflect_dot_eye <= 0:
specular = Color(0, 0, 0)
else:
factor = reflect_dot_eye ** self.shininess
specular = light.intensity * self.specular * factor
return ambient + diffuse + specular
patterns_test.py
#!//usr/bin/env python3
from unittest import TestCase, main
from patterns import Pattern, Stripe, Gradient, Ring, Checkers
from tuples import Point, Color
from spheres import Sphere
from transformations import scaling, translation
from matrices import IDENTITY_MATRIX
class PatternTest(TestCase):
def setUp(self):
self.pattern = Pattern()
def tearDown(self):
pass
def test_transformation(self):
self.assertEqual(self.pattern.transform, IDENTITY_MATRIX)
def test_assign_transformation(self):
self.pattern.transform = translation(1, 2, 3)
self.assertEqual(self.pattern.transform, translation(1, 2, 3))
def test_with_obj_transformation(self):
shape = Sphere(scaling(2, 2, 2))
c = self.pattern.at_shape(shape, Point(2, 3, 4))
self.assertEqual(c, Color(1, 1.5, 2))
def test_with_pattern_transformation(self):
shape = Sphere()
self.pattern.transform = scaling(2, 2, 2)
c = self.pattern.at_shape(shape, Point(2, 3, 4))
self.assertEqual(c, Color(1, 1.5, 2))
class StripeTest(TestCase):
def setUp(self):
self.black = Color(0, 0, 0)
self.white = Color(1, 1, 1)
def tearDown(self):
pass
def test_stripe(self):
pattern = Stripe(self.white, self.black)
for a, b in [(pattern.a, self.white),
(pattern.b, self.black)]:
self.assertEqual(a, b)
def test_constant_y(self):
pattern = Stripe(self.white, self.black)
for point in [Point(0, 0, 0),
Point(0, 1, 0),
Point(0, 2, 0)]:
self.assertEqual(pattern.at(point), self.white)
def test_constant_z(self):
pattern = Stripe(self.white, self.black)
for point in [Point(0, 0, 0),
Point(0, 0, 1),
Point(0, 0, 2)]:
self.assertEqual(pattern.at(point), self.white)
def test_alternates_x(self):
pattern = Stripe(self.white, self.black)
for xyz, color in [((0, 0, 0), self.white),
((0.9, 0, 0), self.white),
((1, 0, 0), self.black),
((-0.1, 0, 0), self.black),
((-1, 0, 0), self.black),
((-1.1, 0, 0), self.white)]:
self.assertEqual(pattern.at(Point(*xyz)), color)
def test_with_obj_transformation(self):
obj = Sphere(transform=scaling(2, 2, 2))
pattern = Stripe(self.white, self.black)
self.assertEqual(pattern.at_shape(obj, Point(1.5, 0, 0)),
self.white)
def test_with_pattern_transformation(self):
obj = Sphere()
pattern = Stripe(self.white, self.black, transform=scaling(2, 2, 2))
self.assertEqual(pattern.at_shape(obj, Point(1.5, 0, 0)),
self.white)
def test_with_both_obj_pattern_transformation(self):
obj = Sphere(scaling(2, 2, 2))
pattern = Stripe(self.white, self.black, translation(0.5, 0, 0))
self.assertEqual(pattern.at_shape(obj, Point(2.5, 0, 0)),
self.white)
class GradientTest(TestCase):
def setUp(self):
pass
def tearDown(self):
pass
def test_linearly_interpolates_between_colors(self):
pattern = Gradient(Color(1, 1, 1), Color(0, 0, 0))
for point_xyz, color_xyz in [((0, 0, 0), (1, 1, 1)),
((0.25, 0, 0), (0.75, 0.75, 0.75)),
((0.5, 0, 0), (0.5, 0.5, 0.5)),
((0.75, 0, 0), (0.25, 0.25, 0.25))]:
self.assertEqual(pattern.at(Point(*point_xyz)),
Color(*color_xyz))
class RingTest(TestCase):
def setUp(self):
pass
def tearDown(self):
pass
def test(self):
ring = Ring(Color(1, 1, 1), Color(0, 0, 0))
for point, color in [((0, 0, 0), (1, 1, 1)),
((1, 0, 0), (0, 0, 0)),
((0, 0, 1), (0, 0, 0)),
((0.708, 0, 0.708), (0, 0, 0))]:
self.assertEqual(ring.at(Point(*point)), Color(*color))
class CheckersTest(TestCase):
def setUp(self):
self.white = Color(1, 1, 1)
self.black = Color(0, 0, 0)
def tearDown(self):
pass
def test_repeate_x(self):
checkers = Checkers(self.white, self.black)
for point, color in [((0, 0, 0), self.white),
((0.99, 0, 0), self.white),
((1.01, 0, 0), self.black)]:
self.assertEqual(checkers.at(Point(*point)), color)
def test_repeate_y(self):
checkers = Checkers(self.white, self.black)
for point, color in [((0, 0, 0), self.white),
((0, 0.99, 0), self.white),
((0, 1.01, 0), self.black)]:
self.assertEqual(checkers.at(Point(*point)), color)
def test_repeate_z(self):
checkers = Checkers(self.white, self.black)
for point, color in [((0, 0, 0), self.white),
((0, 0, 0.99), self.white),
((0, 0, 1.01), self.black)]:
self.assertEqual(checkers.at(Point(*point)), color)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
patterns.py
import math
from matrices import IDENTITY_MATRIX
from tuples import Color
class Pattern:
def __init__(self, transform=IDENTITY_MATRIX):
self.transform = transform
def at(self, point):
return Color(point.x, point.y, point.z)
def at_shape(self, shape, world_point):
obj_point = shape.transform.inverse() * world_point
pattern_point = self.transform.inverse() * obj_point
return self.at(pattern_point)
class Stripe(Pattern):
def __init__(self, color1, color2, transform=IDENTITY_MATRIX):
super().__init__(transform)
self.a = color1
self.b = color2
def at(self, point):
if math.floor(point.x) % 2 == 0:
return self.a
return self.b
class Gradient(Pattern):
def __init__(self, color1, color2, transform=IDENTITY_MATRIX):
super().__init__(transform)
self.a = color1
self.b = color2
def at(self, point):
distance = self.b - self.a
fraction = point.x - math.floor(point.x)
return self.a + distance * fraction
class Ring(Pattern):
def __init__(self, color1, color2, transform=IDENTITY_MATRIX):
super().__init__(transform)
self.a = color1
self.b = color2
def at(self, point):
if math.floor(math.sqrt(point.x ** 2 + point.z ** 2)) % 2 == 0:
return self.a
return self.b
class Checkers(Pattern):
def __init__(self, color1, color2, transform=IDENTITY_MATRIX):
super().__init__(transform)
self.a = color1
self.b = color2
def at(self, point):
if sum([math.floor(p) for p in [point.x, point.y, point.z]]) % 2 == 0:
return self.a
return self.b
class RadialGradient(Pattern):
def __init__(self, color1, color2, transform=IDENTITY_MATRIX):
super().__init__(transform)
self.a = color1
self.b = color2
def at(self, point):
color_distance = self.b - self.a
distance = math.sqrt(point.x ** 2 + point.z ** 2)
fraction = distance - math.floor(distance)
return self.a + color_distance * fraction
sample1.py
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import math
import time
from tuples import Point, Vector, Color
from planes import Plane
from materials import Material
from patterns import Ring, Gradient, RadialGradient
from camera import Camera
from lights import Light
from world import World
from transformations import scaling, view_transform, translation, rotation_x
print('ファイル名, rendering time(秒)')
width = 250
height = 125
patterns = [Ring(Color(1, 0, 0), Color(0, 1, 0)),
Gradient(Color(1, 0, 0), Color(0, 1, 0)),
RadialGradient(Color(1, 0, 0), Color(0, 1, 0))]
material = Material(specular=0)
# material = Material(specular=0, pattern=pattern)
shape = Plane(material=material, transform=rotation_x(math.pi / 2))
camera = Camera(width, height, math.pi / 3,
transform=view_transform(Point(0, 0, -5),
Point(0, 0, 0),
Vector(0, 1, 0)))
world = World([shape], Light(Point(-10, 10, -10), Color(1, 1, 1)))
for i, pattern in enumerate(patterns, 1):
material.pattern = pattern
start = time.time()
canvas = camera.render(world)
s = time.time() - start
with open(f'sample{i}.ppm', 'w') as f:
canvas.to_ppm(f)
print(f'sample{i}.ppm,{s}')
入出力結果(cmd(コマンドプロンプト)、Terminal、Bash、Jupyter(IPython))
C:\Users\...>py materials_test.py ........ ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Ran 8 tests in 0.003s OK C:\Users\...>py patterns_test.py ................ ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Ran 16 tests in 0.007s OK C:\Users\...>py sample1.py ファイル名, rendering time(秒) sample1.ppm,130.32527017593384 sample2.ppm,131.36756920814514 sample3.ppm,139.62577509880066 C:\Users\...>
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